Electromagnetic Design for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Electromagnetic design technology is a foundational and core component in the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices. High-level electromagnetic design is not merely about simulation and calculation in electromagnetics but integrates extensive engineering practical experience and considerations to deliver a comprehensive and reliable technical solution. This paper reviews a range of optimization design methods, covering the fundamentals of electromagnetic optimization for superconducting and permanent magnets, superconducting shim coils, magnetic shielding, gradient coils, active and passive shimming techniques, and radiofrequency coils. With the aim of presenting universal methods as a baseline, representative conventional cases are provided. Potential future directions in MRI electromagnetic design are also discussed. The methods presented in this work support the development of advanced MRI functional components and provide a foundation for innovation in electromagnetic design technology within the field. This review is expected to serve as a valuable reference for the industry and to facilitate leapfrog advances in MRI hardware development.