Effective fields approach for the Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system toward engineering applications

For engineering electromagnetism,one of a typical case is that a medium/object rotates possibly with a deformable time-dependent shape.The electrodynamic behavior of such a system is governed by the Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system(MEs-f-MDMS). Here,by defining the effective electric and magnetic fields,the MEs-f-MDMS reduces to the standard form of the Maxwell’s equations(MEs) in some engineering scenarios. This means that the accelerated motion of a medium is a source for generating electromagnetic wave,while the propagation of the waves in the system follows the classical MEs.Therefore,the standard methods for solving the MEs can be adequately applied. We first present the theoretical derivation,then we will present the solutions of the MEs-f-MDMS in both time- and frequency space.Secondly,the shortcomings in classical approach regarding to the calculation of electromagnetic radiation from a rotating medium is analyzed.Thirdly,the theory about the impact of medium rotation on reflection and transmission of a plane wave at an interface is considered. Fourth,the theory for quantifying the output of triboelectric nanogenerator is given. Fifth,since the effective fields warrant the covariance of the MEs,the Lorentz transformation can be introduced for extrapolating the effective medium theory to a case there is a translation motion of the system with considering relativistic effect.