Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System: Multi-field Coupling Analysis and Control

Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) enables precise and efficient carrier-based aircraft launch across a wide payload range through electromagnetic propulsion, surpassing traditional steam catapults in controllability and energy efficiency. This paper reviews the research progress on multi-field coupling mechanisms and drive control technologies of EMALS, focusing on its four core components: the electromagnetic launcher, energy storage system, power conversion system and control consoles. Emphasis is placed on the interaction of electromagnetic, thermal and structural fields, as well as their impact on system reliability and dynamic control performance. Advances in multi-field coupling modeling, simulation validation and equivalent experimental methods are summarized, together with key technologies in thrust regulation, thermal management and electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, intelligent control strategies and new material integration are discussed for their potential to improve energy conversion efficiency and adaptive performance under complex operating conditions. The review highlights that accurate modeling of coupled fields and system-level control coordination are essential for enhancing EMALS operational stability. Future research directions are expected to focus on further optimizing multi-field interactions, enhancing control algorithms through artificial intelligence and machine learning, and exploring new materials to improve system efficiency and power density.